Title: Anti-MRSA Therapy in Community-Onset Pneumonia<br/>Author: Wesley Oliver<br/><a href='mailto:1911'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u><strong>Empirical Anti-MRSA vs Standard Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of 30-Day Mortality</strong></u><br /> A recent article published in JAMA Internal Medicine questioned the utility of empiric anti-MRSA pneumonia therapy. It was a retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted in the Veteran’s Health Administration healthcare system that looked at 88,605 patients with community-onset pneumonia. They compared 30-day mortality of patients hospitalized for pneumonia receiving empirical anti-MRSA therapy plus standard therapy against standard therapy alone. Secondary outcomes analyzed development of kidney injury and secondary infections with <em>C. difficile</em>, VRE, or gram-negative rods. They also analyzed subgroups: ICU admission, MRSA risk factors, positive MRSA surveillance test, and positive MRSA culture on admission.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u>Anti-MRSA Therapy:</u> Vancomycin (98%), Linezolid (2%)</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u>Standard Therapy:</u> Beta-lactam + macrolide/tetracycline, or respiratory fluoroquinolone</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u><strong>Outcomes</strong></u><br /> Mortality: aRR=1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]<br /> Kidney Injury: aRR=1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]<br /> Secondary <em>C. difficile</em>: aRR=1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]<br /> Secondary VRE: aRR=1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.3]<br /> Secondary gram-negative rods: aRR=1.5 [95% CI, 1.2-1.8]</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u><strong>Mortality in Subgroups</strong></u></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> ICU: aRR=1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.5]</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> MRSA Risk Factors*: aRR=1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4]</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> Positive MRSA Surveillance: aRR=1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> MRSA Detected on Culture: aRR=1.1 [95% CI, 0.8-1.4]</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <em><strong>*MRSA Risk Factors</strong></em><br /> -History of MRSA infection/colonization within the past year<br /> -Or 2 of the following: previous hospitalization, nursing home residence, and previous intravenous antibiotic therapy</p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> <u><strong>Take-Home Point</strong></u></p> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"> Empirical anti-MRSA therapy did not decrease mortality for any groups of patients hospitalized for pneumonia. Given that healthcare-associated pneumonia is no longer a definition supported by the IDSA/ATS, be judicious in your use of anti-MRSA therapy in community-onset pneumonia and reserve for those patients at higher risk for MRSA, such as those with post-influenza pneumonia.</p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Jones BE, Ying J, Stevens V, et al. Empitical anti-MRSA vs standard antibiotic therapy and risk of 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized for pneumonia [published online ahead of print, February 17, 2020]. JAMA Intern Med. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7495.</p> <p> Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Resp Crit Care. 2019;200:e45-e67.</p> <p> Smith C. Is Empiric Anti-MRSA Pnumonia Therapy Harmful? https://journalfeed.org/article-a-day/2020/is-empiric-anti-mrsa-pneumonia-therapy-harmful. March 4, 2020. Accessed March 6, 2020.</p> </fieldset>