Title: What anticonvulsant medication to administer for status epilepticus<br/>Author: Quincy Tran<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1281/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong>Title</strong>: Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus</p>
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<strong>Settings</strong>:</p>
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57 US hospitals: 26 sites for adults only, 18 sites enrolling only children, 13 sites enroll both.</li>
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<strong>Patients</strong>:</p>
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384 patients whose ages were 2 years and older. </li>
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Patients who continued to have generalized seizure for at least 5 minutes after “accepted” cumulative dose of benzodiazepines.</li>
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<strong>Intervention</strong>:</p>
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levetiracetam at a dose of 60 mg per kilogram (maximum, 4500 mg),</li>
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Fosphenytoin at a dose of 20 mg PE per kilogram (maximum, 1500 mg PE),</li>
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valproate at a dose of 40 mg per kilogram (maximum 3000 mg)</li>
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<strong>Comparison</strong>:</p>
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Patients > 32 kg total body weight: diazepam of 10 mg; Lorazepam 4mg Intravenously; midazolam 10 mg intravenously or intramuscularly.</li>
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Patients < 32 kg total body weight: diazepam at a dose of 0.3 mg per kilogram (administered intravenously or rectally), lorazepam at a dose of 0.1 mg per kilogram (administered intravenously), or midazolam at a dose of 0.3 mg of per kilogram (administered intramuscularly) or 0.2 mg per kilogram (administered intravenously)</li>
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<strong>Outcome</strong>: absence of clinical seizure at 60 minutes after infusion of medication.</p>
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<strong>Study Results</strong>:</p>
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Rates of cessation of status epilepticus were similar in all 3 groups: 47% of levetiracetam vs. 45% Fosphenytoin vs. 46% for valproate.</li>
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Fosphenytoin was associated with non-significantly higher rate of hypotension (3.2%) vs other drugs.</li>
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Levetiracetam was associated with non-significantly higher rate of death (4.7%) vs. other drugs.</li>
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All three medication was associated with similar rate of intubation within 60 minutes of drug infusion.</li>
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<strong>Discussion</strong>:</p>
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The median time interval from start to cessation of status epilepticus appeared to be shorter for valproate but there was no formal analysis yet,</li>
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Valproate (7.0 minutes) vs. levetiracetam (11.7 minutes) vs. Fosphenytoin (11.7 minutes)</li>
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<strong>Conclusion</strong>:</p>
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Three medications, Fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, valproate were equally effective.</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, Barsan W, Cloyd J, Lowenstein D, Shinnar S, Conwit R, Meinzer C, Cock H, Fountain N, Connor JT, Silbergleit R; NETT and PECARN Investigators.</p>
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Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2103-2113. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905795.</p>
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