Title: Is the anion gap metabolic acidosis due to alcoholic ketoacidosis or toxic alcohol ingestion?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
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Anion gap metabolic acidosis is often found in ED patients. It can be difficult to distinguish between toxic alcohol (TA) ingestion and alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA). A retrospective study attempted to identify risk factors associated with AKA when TA ingestion was the alternative diagnosis.</p>
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New York City poison center data was reviewed from Jan 1, 2000 to April 30, 2019.</p>
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Case definition of AKA included</p>
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Documented alcohol use disorder</li>
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Urine or serum ketones or elevated blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration</li>
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Anion gap >=14 mmol/L</li>
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Case definition of TA ingestion</p>
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Detectable methanol or ethylene glycol concentration</li>
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<strong>Results</strong></p>
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699 patients were screened.</li>
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AKA diagnosis: 86</li>
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TA ingestion: 36</li>
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Univariate analysis showed following variables to be associated with AKA diagnosis</p>
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Ethanol level: OR 1.007 (95% CI: 1.001 – 1.013)</li>
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Anion gap: OR 1.063 (95% CI: 1.007-1.122)</li>
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Age (years): OR 1.036 (95% CI: 1.005 – 1.068)</li>
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Multivariate logistic regression showed elevated ethanol concentration was associated with increased odd of AKA diagnosis </p>
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<strong>Conclusion</strong></p>
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In this retrospective study, the odd of AKA diagnosis increased as ethanol concentration increased.</li>
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TA ingestion remains challenging diagonsis without the availability of obtaining real time TA concentration.</li>
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