Title: Clinical factors associated with severe outcome (incubation, ventricular dysrhythmia and seizure) in diphenhydramine toxicity<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
</p>
<p>
Diphenhydramine is commonly involved in overdose or misused. Although it is primarily used for its anti-histamine property, it also has significant antimuscarinic effect.</p>
<p>
A recent retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics associated with severe outcomes in diphenhydramine overdose using the multi-center Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Registry. </p>
<p>
Severe outcomes were defined as any of the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Seizure</li>
<li>
Ventricular dysrhythmia</li>
<li>
Intubation</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Results</strong></p>
<p>
863 cases of isolated diphenhydramine ingestion were identified between Jan 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2016</p>
<ul>
<li>
Females: 59.1% </li>
<li>
Age < 18 years: 51.3%</li>
<li>
Intentional ingestion: 86.0%
<ul>
<li>
Self-harm: 37.5%</li>
<li>
Abuse/misuse: 11.5%</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Most common symptoms:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Delirium/toxic psychosis: 40.1% (n=346)</li>
<li>
Agitation: 33.1% (n=286)</li>
<li>
Severe outcome: 15.6% (n=135)</li>
</ul>
<p>
Factors associated with severe outcome</p>
<ul>
<li>
Intubation: self-harm ingestion and male</li>
<li>
Acidemia: pH <7.2</li>
<li>
QRS prolongation: QRS > 120 msec</li>
<li>
Elevated anion gap: AG >20</li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>Conclusion</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
Acidemia, QRS prolongation and elevated anion gap was associated with severe outcome in diphenhydramine toxicity</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Hughes AR et al. Clinical and patient characteristics associated with severe outcome in diphenhydramine toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021.</p>
<p>
<a 0.25em="" 0px="" box-sizing:="" color:="" font-size:="" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2021.1892716" margin:="" open="" style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " text-decoration:="" word-break:="">https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2021.1892716</a></p>
</fieldset>