Title: Calcium for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest<br/>Author: Ashley Martinelli<br/><a href='mailto:1912'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Calcium is commonly administered during cardiac arrest, but there is little data to support or refute its use. The Calcium for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study conducted in Denmark. Their EMS system responds to all cardiac arrests with an ambulance and a physician-manned mobile emergency care unit.</p>
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Adult patients were included if they had out of-of-hospital (OOH) cardiac arrest and received at least 1 dose of epinephrine. Exclusion criteria were traumatic arrest, known or suspected pregnancy, prior enrollment in the trial, receipt of epinephrine from an EMS unit not in the trial, or a clinical indication for calcium during the arrest (i.e. hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia).</p>
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Patients received 735mg calcium chloride dihydrate (5 mmol CaCl –US standard product is 1000mg) or saline control immediately after the first dose of epinephrine. A second dose was administered after the second dose of epinephrine if cardiac arrest ongoing. Teams were blinded to the treatments. The primary outcome was ROSC for at least 20 minutes.</p>
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397 patients were randomized (197 calcium, 200 saline). The average age was 68 years old, 70% were male, and over 80% of the cardiac arrests occurred at home, 60% witnessed arrests, and 82% received bystander CPR. Only 25% were in a shockable rhythm. The time to first epinephrine and study drug was approximately 17 minutes and over 70% received two doses.</p>
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ROSC rates were low and not statistically different between groups, 19% in the calcium group vs 27% in the saline group. There was no difference in survival to 30d or neurologic function. In the patients who did achieve ROSC in the calcium arm, 74% had hypercalcemia.</p>
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Bottom Line: The routine use of calcium in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is not recommended.</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Vallentin MF, et al. Effect of intravenous or intraosseous calcium vs saline on return of spontaneous circulation in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. Published online November 30, 2021. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.20929</p>
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