Title: Xylazine in heroin/fentanyl <br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> </p> <p> Xylazine is a central alpha-2 agonist (similar to clonidine) that is used as a veterinary tranquilizer. It also possesses analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties. Heroin/fentanyl is increasingly being adulterated with xylazine and resulting in severe adverse effects (CNS and respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension), including deaths. </p> <p> According to CDC, 0.1%-5.5% of IMF death in US between 2019 – 2020 involved xylazine. </p> <p> In Philadelphia, PA:</p> <p> The detection of xylazine in unintentional overdose death increased from</p> <ul> <li> 2010 – 2015: 2%</li> <li> 2016: 11%</li> <li> 2017: 10%</li> <li> 2018: 18%</li> <li> 2019: 31%</li> </ul> <p> Approximately 25% of drug seizures in Philadelphia contained xylazine in 2019</p> <p> </p> <p> There is no effective pharmacologic agent for xylazine toxicity. Similar to clonidine toxicity, high dose naloxone may be tried. But pediatric data show that approximately 50% of pediatric clonidine toxicity response to high-dose naloxone administration. Thus, naloxone administration may not reverse the CNS/respiratory depression, bradycardia and hypotension.</p> <p> </p> <p> Conclusion</p> <ul> <li> There is increasing adulteration of heroin/fentanyl with xylazine</li> <li> Naloxone administration may not reverse the toxicity of xylazine</li> </ul> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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