Title: Hamstring Injury<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Hamstring Injury</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Prevalence varies by sport ranging from 8 to 25 percent with a high recurrence rate frequently during the ensuing sport season, usually in next 2 months but may extend up to one year!</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Highest in sports that involve rapid acceleration and deceleration</p>
<p>
3 highest risk sports - football and men’s and women’s soccer</p>
<p>
Average time lost 17-21 days</p>
<p>
Injury much less common in younger athletes</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The hamstring is composed of three muscles: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.</p>
<p>
Primarily involved in knee flexion and hip extension</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Biceps femoris is most commonly injured</p>
<p>
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539862/figure/article-28873.image.f1">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539862/figure/article-28873.image.f1</a></p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Simple grading system using 3 grades</p>
<p>
Grade 1 – mild strain</p>
<p>
Grade 2 – Partial tear</p>
<p>
Grade 3 – Complete tear</p>
<p>
Proximal injuries are more common than distal injuries, occurring at the musculotendinous junction</p>
<p>
Avulsion fractures of the ischium occur rarely occur in adults but may occur in skeletally immature athletes</p>
<p>
<a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/ischial-tuberosity-avulsion">https://radiopaedia.org/cases/ischial-tuberosity-avulsion</a></p>
<p>
When watching a sporting event you will see the athlete grab the buttock or upper thigh. They usually cannot return to play. Most grade 2 or 3 injuries will require crutches. If seeing them the following day significant bruising may be seen.</p>
<p>
Numerous modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified including:</p>
<p>
*Weakness of ipsilateral quadriceps or contralateral hamstring, hamstring, hip & quadriceps tightness/poor flexibility, poor warm-up, sudden increased training volume and muscle fatigue.</p>
<p>
*Older age (risk increase may begin as early as age 23)</p>
<p>
Prior hamstring injury (up to 6x increased risk)</p>
<p>
**Premature return to sport increases the risk of reinjury</p>
<p>
<strong>Differential Diagnosis</strong>: Lumbar radiculopathy, sciatic nerve irritation or compression, stress fracture of femur.</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Refer to sports medicine/orthopedics for avulsion injuries, complete proximal complete tears and partial or complete distal tears</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>