Title: Adverse events (AE) associated with flumazenil for the management of suspected benzodiazepine intoxication<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
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Flumazenil is a reversal agent for benzodiazepine overdose. Adverse events including seizure, agitation and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported but the frequency of adverse events is unknown.</p>
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AE and serious AEs were defined as:</p>
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AE: </p>
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Aggressive behavior, agitation, screaming, restlessness</li>
<li>
Nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps</li>
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Sweating, shivering, chills, hot flashes</li>
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Headache, dizziness</li>
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Anxiety, distress, depressed mood, abnormal crying</li>
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Tremors </li>
</ul>
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Serious AE (SAE):</p>
<ul>
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Seizures</li>
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Supraventricular arrhythmia</li>
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Multiple ventricular beats</li>
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Tachycardia</li>
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Sudden fall in systolic BP</li>
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A systematic review/meta-analyses of 13 randomized controlled trials showed</p>
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AEs more common in flumazenil group vs. placebo (risk ratio: 2.85; 95% CI: 2.11-3.84)</li>
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SAEs more common in flumazenil group vs. placebo (risk ratio: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.28-11.39) </li>
</ul>
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Most common AEs</p>
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Aggressive behavior, agitation, screaming: 26.2% (n=33/126)</li>
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Nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps: 20.6% (n=26/126)</li>
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Anxiety, distress, depressed mood: 15.7% (n=19/126)</li>
</ul>
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Most common SAEs</p>
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Supraventricular arrhythmia: 30% (n=4/12)</li>
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Seizure: 25% (n=3/12)</li>
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Tachycardia: 25% (n=3/12)</li>
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Conclusion</p>
<ul>
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Administration of flumazenil to patients with known or suspected benzodiazepine overdose is associated with increased risk of AEs</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
PENNINGA E ET AL.Adverse Events Associated with Flumazenil Treatment for the Management of Suspected Benzodiazepine Intoxication--A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses of Randomized Trials. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016</p>
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DOI:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12434"> 10.1111/bcpt.12434 </a></p>
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