Title: Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State<br/>Author: Mike Winters<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/141/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> <strong><u>Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)</u></strong></p> <ul> <li> Though less common, HHS has a mortality rate that is <u>10x greater</u> than DKA.</li> <li> The hallmark features of HHS include severe hyperglycemia (> 600 mg/dL), hyperosmolality (> 320 mOsm/kg), minimal to no ketosis, and severe dehydration.</li> <li> Though the management of HHS is similar to DKA and includes fluid resuscitation, correction of hyperglycemia, and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, it is important to also <u>monitor serum osmolality</u>.</li> <li> Too rapid correction of serum osmolality can cause <u>cerebral edema</u> and worsen patient outcomes.</li> <li> Current recommendations are to monitor serum osmolality every <u>1-2 hours</u> with a correction of <u>no more than 3 mOsm/kg/hr</u>.</li> </ul> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Long B, Willis GC, Lentz S, et al. Diangosis and management of the critically ill adult patient with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. <em>J Emerg Med</em>. 2021;61:365-75.</p> </fieldset>