Title: APRV or Low Tidal Volume Strategy for patients with COVID-19<br/>Author: Quincy Tran<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1281/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;">During the height of the pandemic, a large proportion of patients who were referred to our center for VV-ECMO evaluation were on Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV). Does this ventilation mode offer any advantage? This new randomized control trial attempted to offer an answer.</span></span></p>
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1.Settings: RCT, single center</p>
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2. Patients: 90 adults patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19</p>
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3. Intervention: APRV with maximum allowed high pressure of 30 cm H20, at time of 4 seconds. Low pressure was always 0 cm H20, and expiratory time (T-low) at 0.4-0.6 seconds. This T-low time can be adjusted upon analysis of flow-time curve at expiration.</p>
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4. Comparison: Low tidal volume (LTV) strategy according to ARDSNet protocol.</p>
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5. Outcome: Primary outcome was Ventilator Free Days at 28 days.</p>
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6.Study Results:</p>
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Baseline characteristics were similar. At randomization, PF ratio for APRV group = 140 (SD 42) vs. 149 (SD 50) for LTV group.</li>
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Median Ventilator Free Day for APRV group: 3.7 [0-15] days vs. 5.2 [0-19] for LTV group ( <em>P</em> = 0.28)</li>
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<strong>APRV group had higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio during first 7 days (mean difference = 26, P<0.001)</strong></li>
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ICU length of stay for APRV group: 9 [7-16] vs. 12 [8-17] days (<em>P</em> = 0.17)</li>
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Severe hypercapnia (Pco2 at ≥ 55 along with a pH < 7.15): APRV group = 19 (42%) vs. LTV = 7 (15%), <em>P</em> = 0.009.</li>
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Death at 28 days: 35 (78%) for APRV group, vs. 27 (60%) for LTV group ( <em>P</em> = 0.07)</li>
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7.Discussion:</p>
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Hypercapnea was transient and was mostly due to implementation of the ventilator settings. The protocol recommended reduction of T-high to allow more ventilation, but most clinicians did not want to shorten the T-High, but instead opted for higher T-low.</li>
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Although the number of barotrauma were similar in both group, all 4 cases of barotrauma in the APRV group occurred within a very short period of time (3 weeks), prompted the safety monitoring board to recommend stopping recruitment for COVID-19 patients.</li>
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8.Conclusion:</p>
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APRV was not associated with more ventilator free days or other outcomes among patients with COVID-19, when compared to Low Tidal Volume strategies in this small RCT.</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Ibarra-Estrada MÁ, García-Salas Y, Mireles-Cabodevila E, López-Pulgarín JA, Chávez-Peña Q, García-Salcido R, Mijangos-Méndez JC, Aguirre-Avalos G. Use of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19: Results of a Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med. 2022 Apr 1;50(4):586-594. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005312. PMID: 34593706; PMCID: PMC8923279.</p>
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