Title: Blount's disease<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
4-year-old patient comes to the ED for an unrelated complaint and you notice that his knees appear to be touching while his ankles remain apart.</p>
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Genu Varum or “knock knees” may be caused by Infantile Blount’s disease</p>
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-A progressive pathologic condition causing genu varum in children between ages 2 to 5</p>
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- Centered at the tibia</p>
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-Bilateral in up to 80%</p>
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-More common in boys</p>
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-Leg length discrepancy</p>
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- Articular incongruity</p>
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Risk factors: Early walkers (<1 year), overweight, large stature, Hispanic and African American</p>
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Results in disruption of normal cartilage growth at the MEDIAL aspect of the proximal tibia while LATERAL growth continues normally</p>
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May complain of knee soreness or subjective instability</p>
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On physical exam</p>
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Focal angulation of the proximal tibia</p>
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Lateral thrust during stance phase of walking (brief lateral shift of proximal fibula and tibia)</p>
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No tenderness or effusion</p>
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Imaging: Plain film shows varus deformity of the proximal tibia with medial beaking (beak like appears of bone) and downward slope of the proximal tibia metaphysis (increased metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle)</p>
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<a href="https://paleyinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/blounts1.jpg">https://paleyinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/blounts1.jpg</a></p>
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Treatment depends upon the age of the child and the severity</p>
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Medial unloader braces (should be started by age 3)</li>
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Successful in up to 80%</p>
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Surgical correction (tibial osteotomy or growth plate arrest surgery)</li>
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Note: In adolescent variant bracing is ineffective and surgery is only treatment</p>
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: Genu varum is normal in children <2 years old and becomes neutral at 14 months</p>
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DDX: Physiologic varus, Rickets</p>
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