Title: Opioids & NSAIDs for MSK pain in the ED: Effectiveness and Harms<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><span style="font-size:16px;">Opioids & NSAIDs for MSK pain in the ED: Effectiveness and Harms</span></strong></p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Study selection</strong>: A recent systematic review in <em>Annals of Internal Medicine</em> attempted to evaluate the effectiveness and harms of opioids for musculoskeletal pain in the emergency department.</p>
<p>
Included were RCTs of any opioid analgesic as compared with placebo or a nonopioid analgesic.</p>
<p>
Conditions studied: bone injuries, soft tissue injuries, spinal pain, and mixed presentations.</p>
<p>
Out of 2464 articles, they included 42 trials (n=6128).</p>
<p>
<strong>Effectiveness data</strong>: Opioids were statistically but not clinically more effective in reducing pain in the short term (approximately 2 hours) versus placebo and Tylenol but were not clinically or statistically more effective than NSAIDs.</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Take home</strong>: Opioids and NSAIDs may have about the same pain outcomes.</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Harm data</strong>: The results on harms were very mixed. Overall, there were fewer harms with NSAIDs than opioids. However, many studies showed less of a difference. The benefit with NSAIDs due to fewer harms may be less in patients with mixed musculoskeletal conditions.</p>
<p>
Opioids may carry higher risk for harms than placebo, Tylenol, or NSAIDs. Authors also found that an increased opioid dose may increase harms from opioids.</p>
<p>
<strong>Limitations: </strong>Limited data on long-term outcomes and longer-term pain management</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Jones CMP, Lin CC, et al. Effectiveness of Opioid Analgesic Medicines Prescribed in or at Discharge From Emergency Departments for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Oct 18. </p>
</fieldset>