Title: Hydration, aging and mortality<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
In a recent study in The Lancet, researchers at NIH attempted to test the hypothesis that optimal hydration may slow down the aging process. </p>
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A large proportion of people do not consume the recommended fluid amounts. This has likely become worse with our masking during the pandemic.</p>
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Previous studies in a mouse model showed that water restriction, increasing serum sodium by 5 mmol/l, shortened the mouse lifespan by 6 months which corresponds to about 15 years of human life.</p>
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Population: Data from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study: an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study in which 15,792 45-66 year-old black (African American) and white men and women were enrolled from four US communities in 1987–1989 and followed up for more than 25 years.</p>
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Variables: 15 biomarkers and serum sodium (as a proxy for the hydration habits of study participants).</p>
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They attempted to exclude people whose serum sodium could be affected by factors other than the amount of liquids they consume. After these exclusions, 11,255 participants remained in the datase.</p>
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Authors also calculated ones biologic age by sampling 15 biomarkers characterizing performance of multiple organ systems and processes: <strong>cardiovascular</strong> (systolic blood pressure), <strong>renal</strong> (eGFR, cystatin-C, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid), <strong>respiratory</strong> (FEV), <strong>metabolic </strong>(glucose, cholesterol, HbA1c, glycated albumin, fructosamine), <strong>immune/inflammatory</strong> (CRP, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin).</p>
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Conclusions: The analysis showed that middle age serum <strong>sodium >142 mmol/l is associated with a 39% increased risk to develop chronic diseases </strong>(hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.18–1.63) <strong>and >144 mmol/l with 21% elevated risk of premature mortality </strong>(HR = 1.21, 95% CI:1.02–1.45). People with <strong>serum sodium >142 mmol/l had up to 50% higher odds to be older than their chronological age</strong> (OR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.14–1.96).</p>
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Limitations: Observational study. No firm conclusions without intervention studies.</p>
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Summary: Serum sodium concentration exceeding 142 mmol/l is associated with increased risk to be biologically older, develop chronic diseases and die at younger age.</p>
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Take home: Drink more water</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, " segoe="" ui",="" roboto,="" oxygen,="" ubuntu,="" cantarell,="" "fira="" sans",="" "droid="" "helvetica="" neue",="" sans-serif;="" font-size:="" 16px;"="">Dmitrieva NI, Gagarin A, Liu D, Wu CO, Boehm M. Middle-age high normal serum sodium as a risk factor for accelerated biological aging, chronic diseases, and premature mortality. EBioMedicine. 2023 Jan;87:104404. </p>
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