Title: Effect of Administration Set on Nitroglycerin Infusion<br/>Author: Matthew Poremba<br/><a href='mailto:2731'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> Nitroglycerin easily migrates into p<span style="font-size: 12pt;">olyvinyl chloride (PVC), a plastic commonly used in intravenous tubing due to its flexibility and low cost. A slow rate of flow and long tubing length increase the loss of nitroglycerin. While using less absorptive tubing (i.e. polyethylene or polypropylene) when administering nitroglycerin is recommended, most published clinical studies looking at nitroglycerin have used PVC tubing.</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">A 1989 study compared nitroglycerin delivery through PVC tubing and low sorbing tubing at various concentrations and flow rates.<sup>1</sup> Samples were obtained from the nitroglycerin bottle and the distal end of the tubing at several time points. </span></p> <ul> <li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">An average of <u>39.7% (SD 12.7)</u> of nitroglycerin was lost at the distal end of PVC tubing, while an average of <u>2.3% (SD 9.3)</u> of nitroglycerin was lost with low sorbing tubing.</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">A 2018 study enrolled 8 volunteers to receive nitroglycerin infusions through PVC tubing and low sorbing polyolefin tubing.<sup>2</sup> </span></p> <ul> <li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">The average max plasma concentration of nitroglycerin was <u>0.33 ng/ml (SD 0.19)</u> in the PVC group, compared to <u>1.37 ng/ml (SD 0.89)</u> with low sorbing tubing. </span></li> <li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;">This small study showed a trend towards greater lowering of mean arterial pressure from baseline with low sorbing tubing when compared to the PVC group, although this was not statistically significant.</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> </p> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Bottom Line: </b>Most studies evaluating nitroglycerin use in various clinical scenarios have used PVC tubing. Doses based on use with PVC tubing may be too high when using less absorptive tubing. Employing more conservative dosing strategies </span>when using low sorbing tubing <span style="font-size: 12pt;">can help mitigate the risk of adverse effects (i.e. hypotension, headache).</span></p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<ol style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <li> <span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Tracy TS, Bowman L, Black CD. Nitroglycerin delivery through a polyethylene-lined intravenous administration set. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1989 Oct;46(10):2031-5. PMID: 2510512.</span></li> <li> Kim CO, Song J, Min JY, Park SJ, Lee HM, Byon HJ. A comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nitroglycerin according to the composition of the administration set: A preliminary study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Mar;97(9):e9829. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000009829. PMID: 29489681; PMCID: PMC5851736.</li> <li> Nitroglycerin [package insert]. Shirley, NY: American Reagent. 11/2005</li> </ol> </fieldset>