Title: Falsely Elevated Lithium Levels<br/>Author: Natasha Tobarran<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/2750/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Lithium toxicity can present acutely with gastrointestinal symptoms and chronically with neurologic symptoms such as tremor and ataxia. Diagnosis and treatment with normal saline hydration and/or dialysis depends on lithium levels in conjunction with signs and symptoms.</span></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Lithium levels can be falsely elevated when blood samples are collected in green top tubes which contain lithium heparin, or if the blood collection volume is too small. Not recognizing that a lithium level may be falsely elevated can lead to misdiagnosis as well as unnecessary hospitalizations and treatments. The study by Wills et al found lithium levels as high as 4 mmol/L (therapeutic range 0.6-1.2 mmol/L) in lithium naïve volunteers collected in the wrong tube and with small blood volumes. If a patient has an elevated lithium level in the absence of lithium toxicity symptoms, consider a falsely elevated level and redraw using the appropriate tube and sample size. </span></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">In summary:</span></span></p> <ul> <li> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Ensure the lithium sample is collected in a non heparin containing tube</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Confirm sufficient sample volume</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Look at the clinical picture when deciding on treatment for patient</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Have a low threshold to repeat the lithium level</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Consult your poison center 1-800-222-1222 or friendly toxicologist</span></span></li> </ul> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> <span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">Wills BK, Mycyk MB, Mazor S, Zell-Kanter M, Brace L, Erickson T. Factitious </span><span class="il" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">lithium</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);"> toxicity secondary to </span><span class="il" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">lithium</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(33, 33, 33);"> heparin-containing blood tubes. J Med Toxicol. 2006 Jun;2(2):61-3. doi: 10.1007/BF03161172. PMID: 18072115; PMCID: PMC3550057.</span></p> </fieldset>