Title: Pediatric drowning – what are the risk factors?<br/>Author: Jenny Guyther<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/314/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
This was a retrospective study involving several hospitals in Italy. 135 patients who had drowned (the term used in the article) were included. 4.5% of patients died. Most drowning occurred in July and August. The most common comorbidity was epilepsy in about 10% of patients. Several patients were also witnessed to have trauma and syncope. Early resuscitation, either by bystanders or trained professionals, was paramount in survival. </p>
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Children who are conscious at presentation and have mild or no respiratory distress have the best prognosis. A well appearing child should be observed for 6-8 hours, given that 98% of children will present with symptoms within the first 7 hours. A chest xray is not indicated in the asymptomatic patient. Patients who are submerged greater than 25 minutes or without ROSC after 30 minutes have a poor prognosis.</p>
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Bottom line: Never swim alone and everyone should be trained in bystander CPR.</p>