Title: Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure<br/>
Author: Mike Winters<br/>
<a href='mailto:mwinters@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4393/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4393/</a><hr/><p><strong>Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is defined as an acute deterioration of liver function in a patient with cirrhosis that is associated with organ failure and has high short-term mortality.</li>
<li>Key extrahepatic organ failures in ACLF include the renal, CNS, respiratory, circulatory, and coagulation systems.</li>
<li>With respect to CNS failure in ACLF:
<ul>
<li>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is the most common manifestation</li>
<li>A normal ammonia level makes HE unlikely</li>
<li>Benzodiazepines should be avoided</li>
<li>Primary triggers for HE include infection, GIB, and aggressive diuresis</li>
<li>Treatment of HE primarily consists of lactulose and rifaximin</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Perricone G, et al. Intensive care management of acute-on-chronic liver failure. <em>Critical Care</em>. 2023;49:903-21.</p>
</fieldset>