Title: Preventive exercise program to reduce injury and concussion<br/>
Author: Brian Corwell<br/>
<a href='mailto:bcorwell@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4418/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4418/</a><hr/><p><strong>Reducing musculoskeletal injury and concussion risk in schoolboy rugby players with a pre-activity movement control exercise programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial</strong></p>
<p><strong>Intro:</strong> Musculoskeletal injuries and concussion are prominent reasons for time loss from sport for adolescent rugby players.</p>
<p>Injury patterns in rugby differ from other team sports, </p>
<p>-Greater frequency of concussion, upper body and contact-related injuries</p>
<p>Increased concussion risk is associated with lower neck strength, highlighting this characteristic as a potentially modifiable risk factor.</p>
<p>Enhancing neck muscle strength may prevent concussion by improving the dissipation of impact forces transmitted to the brain.</p>
<p>The aim of study was to determine the efficacy of a movement control exercise program in reducing injuries in youth rugby players.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 40 independent schools (118 teams, 3188 players aged 14-18 years) were allocated to receive either the intervention or a reference program, both of which were to be delivered by school coaches. </p>
<p>The intervention comprised balance training, whole-body resistance training, plyometric training, and controlled rehearsal of landing and cutting maneuvers. This also included a neck strengthening component. </p>
<p>Time-loss (>24 hours) injuries arising from school rugby matches were recorded by coaches and medical staff.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> When trial arm comparisons were limited to teams who had completed three or more weekly program sessions on average, clear reductions in overall match injury incidence (RR=0.28) and concussion incidence (RR=0.41) were noted in the intervention group.</p>
<ul>
<li>NMT inclusive of a neck strengthening component was associated with a 59% lower sport related concussion rate.</li>
<li>Completing the intervention program 3 times per week led to substantial reductions of 72% in overall match injury incidence and 72% in contact-related injury incidence compared with the control program.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>These findings provide encouraging evidence that a pre-activity preventive exercise program can substantially reduce injury risk in youth rugby, specifically a reduction in sport related concussion.</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Hislop MD, et al. Reducing musculoskeletal injury and concussion risk in schoolboy rugby players with a pre-activity movement control exercise programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Aug;51(15):1140-1146.</p>
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