Title: What is the optimal duration of outpatient treatment for urinary tract infections in children?<br/>
Author: Jenny Guyther<br/>
<a href='mailto:jguyther@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4479/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4479/</a><hr/><p>This was a multicenter, randomized double blind, placebo controlled, non inferiority trial looking at children aged 2 months to 10 years with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection to see if the antibiotic course could be shortened from 10 days to 5 days in those patients who have clinically improved by day 5.</p>
<p>Children were prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefixime, cefdinir, cephalexin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and on day 6, after an in person visit were switched to placebo or continued the same antibiotic course.</p>
<p>A urine sample was collected on days 11-14 and treatment failure was defined as symptomatic urinary tract infection at or before this visit, asymptomatic bacteriuria, positive urine culture or gastrointestinal colonization with resistant organisms.</p>
<p>693 children were randomized in this trial. Children who received 5 days of antibiotics were more likely to have asymptomatic bacteriuria or a positive urine culture on days 11-14 (0.6 vs 4.2%). 28 children would need to be treated with a 10 day course to prevent one treatment failure with the 5 day course.</p>
<p><strong>Bottom line:</strong> 10 days is still the ideal duration of treatment for a urinary tract infection, but the rate of failure of a 5 day course was low and the clinical significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria or a positive urine culture in an otherwise asymptomatic child is unknown.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Zaoutis et al. Short-Course Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Children The SCOUT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA pediatrics. published online June 26, 2023.</p>
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