Title: What is the best provocative test for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome?<br/>
Author: Brian Corwell<br/>
<a href='mailto:bcorwell@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4563/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4563/</a><hr/><p><strong>What is the best provocative test for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome?</strong></p>
<p><strong>A 2022 study included 37 observational studies to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these provocative maneuvers.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Meta-analysis totaling 2662 wrists of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Surprisingly, the winner was a test that is less familiar to some of us who were taught the traditional tests such as the Phalen test, Tinel test or the carpal tunnel compression test.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Hand elevation has been known to reproduce the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.</strong></p>
<p><strong>The hand elevation test demonstrated the best clinical performance for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome.</strong></p>
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<strong>This test is the most sensitive for diagnosis.</strong>
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<p><strong>The beauty of the test is that it is as simple to perform as the name suggests.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Have the patient raise their hands above their head for one minute.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Hands are raised actively and without strain, keeping the elbows and shoulders relatively loose. That’s it!</strong></p>
<p><strong>A positive test reproduces the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome</strong></p>
<p><strong>The hand elevation test has a high sensitivity (75%-86%) and specificity (89%-98.5%)</strong></p>
<p><strong>Take home: Consider adding this bedside provocative test as the first screening test for patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome</strong></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo S, et al. Accuracy of the Most Common Provocation Tests for Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Aug;52(8):522-531.</p>
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