Title: Pediatric Electrolytes: Approach to Hyperkalemia<br/>
Author: Kathleen Stephanos<br/>
<a href='mailto:kstephanos@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4540/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4540/</a><hr/><p>Hyperkalemia is less common than hypokalemia in pediatric patients, though it is not uncommon to have hemolysis in patients who receive heel stick lab work. </p>
<p>The age of the patient is critical to determining the cutoff for hyperkalemia:</p>
<ul>
<li>Premature infant 4.0–6.5 mmol/L</li>
<li>Newborn 3.9–5.9 mmol/L </li>
<li>Infant 4.1–5.3 mmol/L </li>
<li>Child 3.4–4.7 mmol/L</li>
</ul>
<p>Typically, levels up 6.0mmol/L are well tolerated in children, unless the shift is rapid. For any child meeting age related hyperkalemia or who have a known lower prior potassium level should receive an ECG. </p>
<p>Treatment for hyperkalemia is similar to adults </p>
<p>Calcium Chloride (20mmg/kg - Max 1g) or Calcium Gluconate (0.5ml/kg - Max 20ml) is given for cardiac stability. </p>
<p>Albuterol can be given based on weight</p>
<p>Insulin and dextrose can be used with extreme caution and close monitoring for hypoglycemia. (Dextrose should be given as D10% in children under 5 years of age, D25% can be used if > 5 years old)</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Brown DH, Paloian NJ. Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia and Hyponatremia/Hypernatremia. Pediatr Rev. 2023 Jul 1;44(7):349-362. doi: 10.1542/pir.2021-005119. PMID: 37391630.</p>
</fieldset>