Title: Hepatorenal Syndrome<br/>
Author: Mike Winters<br/>
<a href='mailto:mwinters@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4590/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4590/</a><hr/><p><strong>Hepatorenal Syndrome</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Emergency physicians evaluate patients with cirrhosis and ascites daily.</li>
<li>Patients with cirrhosis are particularly susceptible to acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with a significant increase in hospital mortality.</li>
<li>Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a specific type of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.</li>
<li>The previous classification of HRS (Type 1, Type 2) has now been replaced by HRS-AKI, HRS-AKD, and HRS-CKD.</li>
<li>The diagnostic criteria for HRS-AKI include:
<ul>
<li>Increase in creatinine 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hrs or 50% from baseline value within the prior 7 days</li>
<li>Lack of improvement in creatinine or urine output within 24 hrs of adequate volume resuscitation</li>
<li>Absence of an alternative explanation for AKI</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Management of HRS-AKI centers on accurate volume assessment, timely administration of a splanchnic vasoconstrictor (norepinephrine), administration of 20-25% albumin, and avoidance of additional nephrotoxins.</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Nadim M, et al. Hepatorenal syndrome in the intensive care unit. <em>Intensive Care Med</em>. 2024; 50:978-981.</p>
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