Title: The IVC and Fluid Resuscitation in the Critically Ill<br/>
Author: Mike Winters<br/>
<a href='mailto:mwinters@som.umaryland.edu'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/>
Link: <a href='https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4636/'>https://umem.org/educational_pearls/4636/</a><hr/><p><strong>Intravascular Volume and the IVC</strong></p>
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<li>Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) assessments of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are frequently used in the fluid resuscitation strategy for critically ill patients.</li>
<li>Numerous factors determine the appearance of the IVC, including intraabdominal pressure, mean systemic filling pressure, central venous pressure, intrathoracic pressure, and right heart function.</li>
<li>Given these multitude of factors, it is not surprising that literature has demonstrated that the IVC is not a reliable marker of fluid <em>responsiveness</em>.</li>
<li>Rather, focus on the use of the IVC has shifted towards assessing fluid <em>tolerance</em>, venous congestion, and its use as a marker on when to stop fluid administration.</li>
<li>POCUS assessment of the IVC is commonly performed in the long axis a few centimeters distal to the diaphragm. </li>
<li>Rola, et al. highlight that this location may be misleading and recommend that a more appropriate assessment be a short axis scan through the entire intrahepatic segment of the IVC, while taking into account the intrapleural and intraabdominal pressures.</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend><p>Rola P, Haycock K, Spiegel R. What every intensivist should know about the IVC. <em>J Crit Care</em>. 2024; 80:154455.</p>
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